The production of pipe fittings involves various techniques such as forging, welding, casting, and extrusion. For instance, tee fittings intended for high-pressure service often utilize die forging to ensure a dense grain structure and superior mechanical properties, whereas large-diameter, thin-walled fittings are typically formed via welding. Manufacturing standards are critical; domestic engineering projects generally adhere to the GB/T series of national standards-such as GB/T 12459 (Steel Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings) and GB/T 13401 (Steel Plate Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings)-while international projects frequently reference ASME B16.9 or ISO standards. Pressure ratings are commonly designated by "Sch" (Schedule) values (e.g., Sch40, Sch80); a higher number indicates a greater wall thickness and enhanced pressure-bearing capacity.
